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1 exchange rate risk
Finthe risk of suffering loss on converting another currency to the currency of a company’s own country.EXAMPLEExchange rate risks can be arranged into three primary categories. (1.) Economic exposure: operating costs will rise due to changes in rates and make a product uncompetitive in the world market. Little can be done to reduce this routine business risk that every enterprise must endure. (2.) Translation exposure: the impact of currency exchange rates will reduce a company’s earnings and weaken its balance sheet. To reduce translation exposure, experienced corporate fund managers use a range of techniques known as currency hedging. (3.) Transaction exposure: there will be an unfavorable move in a specific currency between the time when a contract is agreed and the time it is completed, or between the time when a lending or borrowing is initiated and the time the funds are repaid. Transaction exposure can be eased by factoring: transferring title to foreign accounts receivable to a third-party factoring house.Although there is no definitive way of forecasting exchange rates, largely because the world’s economies and financial markets are evolving so rapidly, the relationships between exchange rates, interest rates, and inflation rates can serve as leading indicators of changes in risk. These relationships are as follows. Purchasing Power Parity theory (PPP): while it can be expressed differently, the most common expression links the changes in exchange rates to those in relative price indices in two countries:Rate of change of exchange rate = Difference in inflation ratesInternational Fisher Effect (IFE): this holds that an interest-rate differential will exist only if the exchange rate is expected to change in such a way that the advantage of the higher interest rate is offset by the loss on the foreign exchange transactions. Practically speaking, the IFE implies that while an investor in a low-interest country can convert funds into the currency of a high-interest country and earn a higher rate, the gain (the interest rate differential) will be offset by the expected loss due to foreign exchange rate changes. The relationship is stated as:Expected rate of change of the exchange rate = Interest-rate differentialUnbiased Forward Rate Theory: this holds that the forward exchange rate is the best unbiased estimate of the expected future spot exchange rate.Expected exchange rate = Forward exchange rate -
2 фонд
1) (запас) stock, reserveрептильный фонд (тайный фонд, используемый для подкупа прессы) — reptile fund
2) (организация) Fund, FoundationДетский фонд ООН, ЮНИСЕФ — United Nations Children's Fund, UNICEF
Европейский фонд развития (специальный фонд Европейского инвестиционного банка) — European Development Fund
Международный валютный фонд, МВФ — International Monetary Fund, IMF
фонд сельскохозяйственного развития, ИФАД — International Fund for Agricultural Development, IFAD
3) (ценные бумаги) stocks, securities4) эк. (денежные или материальные средства) fundамортизационный фонд — reserve for depreciation, sinking fund
валютный фонд — currency reserve / fund
кредитные фонды — credit funds / resources / facilities
неделимые фонды — nondistributable assets / funds
оборотный фонд — revolving fund, current capital
ускоренный рост общественных фондов потребления — accelerated growth of the public / social consumption funds
общий фонд — general fund, pool (stock)
основной фонд, фонд основного капитала — capital fund, assets, fixed capital
накопление / прирост основных фондов — assets formation
основные непроизводственные фонды — fixed / basic nonproduction assets, nonproductive capital funds
основные производственные фонды — fixed / basic production assets, mechanical facilities
производственные фонды — production assets / funds
резервный фонд, фонд чрезвычайной помощи — reserve / surplus / emergency fund
свободные фонды, фонды, не подлежащие распределению — unappropriated funds
уравнительный фонд, фонд валютного регулирования, фонд выравнивания — equalization fund
целевой фонд — fund-in trust; (в ООН) trust fund
фонд заработной платы — wage(s)-fund / bill
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3 Devisenbestände
Devisenbestände mpl 1. BANK foreign exchange holdings; 2. WIWI currency holdings* * ** * *Devisenbestände
foreign-exchange funds (deposits), currency (foreign-exchange) holdings, (Bilanz) foreign-currency items (US);
• nicht ausgenutzte Devisenbestände remaining foreign exchange;
• blockierte Devisenbestände blocked foreign exchange;
• Gold- und Devisenbestände gold and foreign-exchange holdings;
• Devisenbestände erwerben to purchase foreign-exchange facilities;
• fast keine Devisenbestände mehr haben to be almost drained of foreign-exchange reserves. -
4 валютные ресурсы
1) Economy: currency resources, foreign exchange funds, monetary resources2) Business: foreign currency resources -
5 валютные ликвиды
Economy: liquid foreign exchange funds -
6 резервы инвалюты
Diplomatic term: foreign exchange funds -
7 фонды инвалюты
Diplomatic term: foreign exchange funds -
8 валютные ликвиды
Banks. Exchanges. Accounting. (Russian-English) > валютные ликвиды
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9 Devisen
Devisen pl 1. BANK, GEN foreign exchange, forex, fx; 2. WIWI exchange, exch., foreign exchange assets, forex • mit Devisen versorgt sein WIWI be long in a currency* * *pl 1. <Bank, Börse, Finanz, Frei, Geschäft, Rechnung> foreign exchange (forex) ; 2. <Vw> exchange (exch.), foreign exchange assets (forex) ■ mit Devisen versorgt sein <Vw> be long in a currency* * *Devisen
foreign currency (exchange, Br.), international exchange (US), (Wechsel in fremder Währung) foreign bills;
• in Devisen zahlbar payable in currency;
• bewirtschaftete Devisen controlled currency;
• blockierte (eingefrorene) Devisen frozen (blocked) foreign exchange;
• durch Verkauf eines außerhalb des Sterlingblocks gelegenen Grundstücks vereinnahmte Devisen property currency (Br.);
• Devisen zu Tageskursen bills at the day’s quotation;
• Devisen anmelden to declare foreign exchange;
• Devisen beantragen to apply for foreign exchange;
• Devisen für Auslandsinvestitionen über einen Dollar-Sonderfonds erwerben to go through an investment currency pool (Br.);
• Devisen zum Kassakurs erwerben to buy the currency spot;
• mit Devisen eingedeckt sein to be long of exchange (US);
• Devisen transferieren to transfer foreign currency;
• Devisen umrechnen to reduce money;
• Devisen zuteilen to allocate exchange;
• Devisen abflüsse, Devisenabgänge flow of foreign funds, foreign-exchange outflow;
• Devisenabführung surrender of foreign currency;
• Devisenabkommen foreign-exchange (offset, currency, exchange clearing) agreement;
• Devisenabrechnung foreign-exchange statement (settlement);
• Devisenabrechnungsstelle foreign-exchange clearing office;
• Devisenabschlüsse foreign-exchange contracts;
• Devisenabteilung foreign-exchange department (division);
• Devisenaffäre foreign-currency affair;
• Devisenanforderungen [foreign-]currency demands, [foreign-]exchange requirements;
• Devisenankauf purchase of foreign currencies;
• Devisenansammlung accumulation of currency reserves;
• Devisenanspannung foreign-exchange squeeze;
• Devisenarbitrage foreign-exchange arbitrage (arbitration), currency (exchange) arbitrage;
• Devisenarbitrage in drei Währungen triangular arbitration;
• Devisenarbitragefonds arbitrage fund. -
10 приток иностранной валюты
2) Banking: inflow of foreign exchangeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > приток иностранной валюты
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11 валютный фонд
1) General subject: foreign exchange fund, Exchange Fund2) Politics: monetary reserves3) Banking: currency fund4) Business: currency funds, monetary fund5) Makarov: currency reserves -
12 Devisen abflüsse
Devisen abflüsse, Devisenabgänge
flow of foreign funds, foreign-exchange outflow -
13 Devisenabgänge
Devisen abflüsse, Devisenabgänge
flow of foreign funds, foreign-exchange outflow -
14 Bestand
Bestand m 1. BANK, FIN outstanding amount, position; 2. BÖRSE, VERSICH portfolio (Portefeuille); 3. GEN holding; 4. V&M stock (Lager) • den Bestand aufnehmen GEN take stock (den Lagerbestand aufnehmen)* * *m 1. <Bank, Finanz> outstanding amount, position; 2. < Börse> portfolio; 3. < Geschäft> holding; 4. <V&M> Lager stock; 5. < Versich> portfolio ■ den Bestand aufnehmen < Geschäft> take stock* * *Bestand
(Besitz) holdings, (Beständigkeit) permanency, (Bilanz) inventory, balance, (Effekten) holdings, portfolio, (Kasse) balance (cash) in hand, cash assets, (Rest) remainder, rest, (Vorräte) supply, stores;
• von kurzem Bestand short-lived;
• ausgabefertiger Bestand ready-for-issue inventory;
• effektiver Bestand actual amount;
• eiserner Bestand base (permanent, reserve) stock, funds on hand, permanent (reserve) fund;
• fortwährender Bestand (Handelsgesellschaft) perpetual succession;
• geschlossener Bestand (Abschreibungsmethode) closed-end account;
• offener Bestand (Abschreibungsmethode) open-end account;
• höchst zulässiger Bestand maximum personal holding;
• Bestand an eigenen Aktien common shares held in treasury;
• Bestand an zurückerworbenen eigenen Aktien treasury shares (stock, US);
• Bestand an Arbeitskräften manpower resources;
• Bestand an Aufträgen orders on hand;
• Bestand an Bargeld cash in hand;
• Bestand für den laufenden Bedarf running inventory;
• Bestand an Devisen foreign-exchange reserve;
• Bestand an Diskonten discount holdings (US), bills discounted;
• Bestand an Effekten (Bilanz) securities in hand;
• Bestand an Fabrikaten parts inventory; Bestand
• an Fabrikationsteilen works inventory;
• Bestand an Fertigwaren finished goods inventory;
• Bestand an Geld (Bank) cash balance (reserves);
• Bestand an Gold gold reserve;
• Bestand an Halbfabrikanten work-in process inventory (Br.);
• Bestand an Handelsbeteiligungen commercial portfolio;
• Bestand zum Jahresbeginn initial inventory;
• Bestand zum Jahresende closing inventory;
• Bestand an Lebensversicherungsverträgen life-insurance portfolio;
• Bestand am Monatsanfang merchandise at the beginning of the month;
• höchst zulässiger Bestand pro Person maximum personal holding (Br.);
• Bestand der Staatskasse treasury cash; Bestand
• an lebendem Vieh livestock;
• Bestand an Wechseln portfolio of bills;
• Bestand an Wechseln, Schuldscheinen und Akzepten (Bilanz) notes (bills) receivable (US);
• Bestand an Wertpapieren security holdings;
• jem. seinen ganzen Bestand abkaufen to empty s. one’s shop;
• Bestand aufnehmen (feststellen) to [take] inventory, to take stock;
• rechtlichen Bestand haben to be valid in law;
• Bestand von 500 Aktien haben (Makler) to be long of 500 shares (stock, US);
• über den Bestand verkaufen (Börse) to oversell. -
15 knapp
knapp adj 1. WIWI scarce; 2. GEN concise, (BE) meagre, (AE) meager, scanty; tight (supply); short (an Zeit) • knapp an Bargeld FIN cash-poor, cash-strapped, short of cash • knapp bei Kasse sein GEN be skint, be hard-up • knapp werden GEN run short • über ein knappes Budget verfügen FIN be on a tight budget* * *adj 1. <Vw> scarce; 2. < Geschäft> concise, meagre (BE) meager (AE), scanty, von Zeit short von Kleidung tight ■ knapp an Bargeld < Finanz> cash-poor, cash-strapped, short of cash ■ knapp bei Kasse sein < Geschäft> be skint, be hard-up ■ knapp werden < Geschäft> run short ■ über ein knappes Budget verfügen < Finanz> be on a tight budget* * *knapp
(beschränkt) narrow, (dürftig) scanty, (Geldmarkt) tight, close, stringent, (mangelnd) scarce, scant, short, (minderwertig) low;
• knapp an Arbeitskräften short-handed;
• knapp an Devisen short on foreign exchange;
• knapp bei Kasse short of cash, low in cash, in low water, shy of money (US sl.);
• knapp unter der Rentabilitätsgrenze marginal;
• knapp abwiegen to cut it fine;
• knapp disponieren to show caution in the placing of orders;
• knapp gewinnen to win by a narrow margin;
• j. knapp halten to keep s. o. short of money;
• j. knapp bei Kasse halten to keep s. o. short of money;
• knapp rechnen to cut it fine;
• finanziell sehr knapp sein to be hard pushed (up);
• knapp bei Kasse sein to be short of (pinched for) money, to be in narrow straits (low funds);
• knapp lieferbar sein to be (fall) in short supply;
• knapp werden (Vorräte) to run low;
• knappes Abstimmungsergebnis close vote;
• knappes Angebot scant supply;
• knappes Auskommen haben to earn a bare living;
• knappe Berechnung conservative estimate;
• knappe Finanzdecke shortage of finance;
• knappes Geld tight money;
• knappes Gewicht short weight;
• knappes Hypothekenangebot shortage of mortgage money;
• knappe Kost meagre fare;
• knappe Kreditmittel credit stringency;
• knappe Mehrheit narrow majority;
• knappe Mittel narrow means;
• knappe Nahrungsmittelzuteilung short commons;
• knappe Produktionsfristen tied times;
• knappe Rationen short rations (allowances);
• knappe Reserven low reserves;
• knappe Waren critical items, scarce articles (goods, commodities);
• knapper Wohnungsraum housing shortage;
• knappe Zuteilung scant allowance. -
16 Mangel
Mangel m 1. GEN lack, dearth; 2. RECHT defect (Verträge); 3. WIWI scarcity, shortage, dearth • Mangel haben an GEN be lacking in* * *m 1. < Geschäft> lack; 2. < Recht> Verträge defect; 3. <Vw> scarcity, shortage, dearth ■ Mangel haben an < Geschäft> be lacking in* * *Mangel
defect, insufficiency, destitution, shortcoming, (Fehlbetrag) deficiency, deficit, (Fehler) defect, failure, want, lack, vice, fault, (Knappheit) shortage, scarcity, penury, need, dearth;
• aus Mangel an Beweisen for lack of sufficient evidence;
• aus Mangel weiterer Informationen in the absence of further information;
• aus Mangel an Mitteln for lack of funds;
• augenscheinlicher Mangel apparent defect;
• zur Wandlung berechtigender Mangel redhibitory vice (defect) (US);
• äußerlich erkennbarer Mangel apparent defect;
• innerer Mangel intrinsic defect;
• innewohnender Mangel inherent defect (vice);
• offensichtlicher Mangel apparent (patent, obvious) defect;
• längst spürbarer Mangel long-felt want;
• unsichtbarer Mangel invisible defect;
• versteckter (verborgener) Mangel latent (hidden) defect, inherent vice;
• Mangel an Arbeitskräften manpower shortage, scarcity of workers, labo(u)r scarcity (shortage), underhandedness;
• Mangel an Devisen foreign-exchange shortage;
• Mangel des Erfüllungsgeschäftes lack (want) of delivery;
• Mangel an Facharbeitern (Fachkräften) shortage of skilled workers (personnel);
• absoluter Mangel an Führungskräften leadership vacuum;
• Mangel an Geld shortage of money, impecuniosity;
• Mangel an Kapital lack (want) of capital;
• Mangel an Lebensmitteln shortage (shortness) of food (provisions);
• Mangel an Rohstoffen scarcity of raw materials;
• Mangel an Schiffsraum scarcity of tonnage;
• Mangel der im Verkehr erforderlichen Sorgfalt ordinary neglect (negligence);
• Mangel der Vertretungsbefugnis absence of authority;
• Mangel an Wohnungen housing shortage;
• einem dringenden Mangel abhelfen to supply a much-felt want;
• Konkurseröffnung wegen Mangel an Masse ablehnen to dismiss a petition for return unsatisfied;
• Mangel beheben (beseitigen) to remedy (cure, make good) a defect;
• Mangel an etw. haben to want of s. th.;
• Mangel an Arbeitskräften haben to be short of hands (short-handed);
• für einen Mangel haften to be liable for a defect;
• Mangel heilen to cure a defect;
• Mangel rügen to notify a defect;
• Mangel verschweigen to conceal a defect. -
17 Zuteilung
Zuteilung f 1. FIN, RW allotment, apportionment, distribution; 2. WIWI allocation, assignment* * *f 1. < Finanz> allotment, distribution; 2. < Rechnung> allocation, apportionment, assignment* * *Zuteilung
allocation, allotment, dispensation, granting, assignment, (Quote) quota, share, (Rationierung) ration[ing], (Verteilung) distribution;
• anteilsmäßige Zuteilung prorata distribution;
• gleichmäßige Zuteilung apportionment;
• knappe Zuteilung scant allowance;
• monatliche Zuteilung monthly ration;
• prozentuale Zuteilung percentage distribution;
• volle Zuteilung full quota;
• zusätzliche Zuteilung supplementary allowance;
• Zuteilung von Aktien allotment (allocation) of shares (stocks, US);
• Zuteilung eines Bausparers advancement of a borrowing member;
• Zuteilung von Devisen allocation of currency, foreign exchange allocation;
• Zuteilung von Frequenzen (tel.) assignment of frequencies;
• Zuteilung von Gratisaktien melon cutting (US);
• Zuteilung von Mitteln appropriation of funds;
• von der Zuteilung ausschließen to preclude from allotments;
• Zuteilung knappstens bemessen to cut an allocation as fine as possible;
• Zuteilung in solcher Höhe in Anspruch nehmen to pay so much on an allotment;
• Antrag auf Zuteilung von Aktien stellen to make application for shares (stock, US);
• der Zuteilung unterliegen (Börse) to be subject to allotment. -
18 malverzacija
f malversation, embezzlement, misappropriation of funds, defraudation, fraudulent handling, mismanagement I -a devizama foreign-exchange manipulation(s); oštetiti -om defraud* * *• malversation -
19 распределение распределени·е
1) (среди кого-л.) distribution, allocation; (пропорциональное) apportionment2) (по определённым признакам) distribution, classification, divisionраспределение полномочий — division of powers / authority
3) (молодых специалистов) assignment4) эк. disposition, distribution, allocation; (выделение) assignment; (налогов) assessment; (пропорциональное) apportionmentсправедливое распределение (доходов и т.п.) — equitable distribution
правила, регулирующие распределение — allocation regulations
распределение дохода — division of income, income distribution
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > распределение распределени·е
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20 средство средств·о
1) (для осуществления чего-л.) means; мн. (технические) devicesпустить в ход выигрышное или последнее средство — to play (one's) trump-card
дипломатическое средство (против кого-л.) — diplomatic expedient (against smb.)
мирные средства — peaceful / pacific means
национальные средства контроля / проверки (выполнения соглашения) — national means of verification
спасительное средство — sure / wonder-working remedy
средства ведения войны — means of war / warfare
средство для достижения цели — leverage, instrument, means to an end, expeilient
незначительное / мелкое событие, в высшей степени раздутое средствами массовой информации — mass media event амер.
средства массового уничтожения — means of mass destruction / annihilation
средства, обеспечивающие выполнение договора — means to secure the performance of a treaty
средство платежа (о функции денег) — medium / means of payment
средство пропаганды — means of propaganda, vehicle for propaganda
средства связи — means / medium of communication
сдерживания / устрашения — deterrent
средства существования — means of subsistence / living
средства формирования общественного мнения — media forming / building / moulding public opinion
2)3) мн.эк. — resources, funds; (активы) assetsвыделять средства для чего-л. — to allocate funds for smth.
направлять средство на что-л. — to channel funds for smth.
получать средство (напр. путём выпуска акций) — to raise the finances
государственные средство — public / state funds
денежные / платежные средства — means, funds
денежные средство, имеющиеся в наличии — available funds
денежные средство, инвестированные в ценные бумаги — tied-up funds
законное платёжное средство — legal / lawful / common tender
оборотные средства — current / circulating assets
основные средство — permanent assets; fixed capital
средства, высвобождающиеся в результате сокращения военных бюджетов — funds released as a result of a reduction of military budgets
средство а, поглощаемые гонкой вооружений — resources absorbed by the arms race
средство, сэкономленные в результате разоружения — disarmament dividends
средство, управляемые по доверенности — trusteed funds
4) юр.средство правовой / судебной защиты — (legal) remedy
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